Vitamin C vs Retinol: Which Should You Use First?

What vitamin C actually does

Vitamin C is, first and foremost, an antioxidant. Applied in the morning, it helps neutralise the free radicals generated by UV exposure and pollution. Over time it brightens skin, supports collagen synthesis and softens the appearance of pigmentation.

Look for L-ascorbic acid in concentrations between 10 and 20%, packaged in opaque or amber glass. A 12% vitamin C serum is the sweet spot for most skins; if yours flushes easily, a 10% antioxidant formula made for sensitive skin gives you the protection without the sting.

What retinol actually does

Retinol — and its prescription cousin, tretinoin — accelerates cellular turnover and stimulates collagen production. It is the single most evidenced ingredient for fine lines, texture and long-term skin quality.

Use it at night, two to three times a week to start, on dry skin, and follow with a barrier-supporting moisturiser. A pure retinol serum buffered with niacinamide is the most sensible entry point, while a richer retinol night treatment suits drier skin and makes the habit easier to keep through winter.

So which goes first?

Both. Vitamin C in the morning under SPF; retinol at night. They are complementary, not competitive — vitamin C protects from daytime damage, retinol repairs and renews while you sleep.

• Morning: cleanser, vitamin C serum, moisturiser, SPF
• Evening: cleanser, retinol, moisturiser
• Introduce one new active at a time, and give your skin four to six weeks before judging